Most of us believe that dementia is associated with older individuals. Unfortunately, people under 65 can also develop it. For that demographic, it is called early-onset dementia or young-onset dementia. Although still relatively rare, the prevalence is higher than previously estimated—possibly twice as high. The AlzForm Foundation reports that 3.9 million people ages 30 to 64 are estimated to have dementia worldwide.
With numbers like these, it is important that we understand the types of early-onset dementia, what to look for, and what we can do to reduce our risk.
Types of early-onset dementia
The development of early-onset dementia can be different than the development of dementia in older individuals. The symptoms may be quite different as well. Add the relative rarity and difference in symptoms, and you get what often results in a delay in a correct diagnosis. Once properly diagnosed, of the over 100 forms of dementia, the following are the types of dementia most common among younger individuals:
Alzheimer’s
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia. Although it is more commonly diagnosed in older individuals, one-third of younger individuals with dementia will have Alzheimer’s disease. In the over-65 demographic, the percentage jumps to two-thirds.
Atypical Alzheimer’s
Memory issues are the most common symptom of Alzheimer’s disease. However, close to 1 in 20 individuals with Alzheimer’s have different or atypical symptoms. Symptoms can vary from compulsive behavior to copying other people’s behavior. This form of Alzheimer’s is more common in the younger population.
Familial Alzheimer’s
The name tells us what we need to know about this rare form of the disease. It runs in families. It is caused by genetic mutations that a parent can pass on to their children. And symptoms can appear as early as a person’s 30s, 40s, or 50s.
Vascular dementia
This form of early-onset dementia is linked to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Interrupted blood supply to the brain is the primary cause. Although symptoms can vary, a slowdown in the person’s thought process is typical.
Signs of early-onset dementia
Dementia symptoms will vary by individual and cause. Even so, these are some of the most common cognitive and psychological changes to look out for.
- Changes in short-term memory
- Difficulty finding the right words
- Change in mood
- Loss of interest in things once enjoyed
- Difficulty completing tasks
- Confusion
- Difficulty following a storyline
- Repetition of daily tasks or repeating the same question
- Difficulty adapting to change
- Loss of ability to make good decisions
Can you prevent early-onset dementia?
As we age, we may wonder what we can do to prevent or reduce our risk of early-onset dementia. To date, no approaches have been proven to prevent dementia. However, as with many diseases, there are steps we can take to help reduce our risk.
Additionally, some studies have shown that new dementia cases have decreased in some locations, including the United States. Although the studies are purely observational, they point to healthy lifestyle behaviors and higher levels of education. Although the cause and effect must be tested in a clinical trial, this information is hopeful.
In general, leading a healthy lifestyle may help address risk factors associated with early-onset dementia. Here are a few healthy changes we can all make:
Control blood pressure
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is harmful to our heart, blood vessels, and brain. It also increases the risk of stroke and vascular dementia. Treating it with medication and a healthy lifestyle, including exercise and not smoking, may help reduce the risk.
Manage blood sugar
Higher than normal levels of blood sugar, or glucose, can lead to diabetes. It can also increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, cognitive impairment, and dementia. Healthy food choices, regular exercise, not smoking, and checking glucose levels can help control blood sugar.
Maintain a healthy weight
Carrying extra weight or being obese increases the risk of related health problems like heart disease and diabetes. Choosing healthy foods and being active can maintain a healthy weight and keep diabetes in check.
Eat a healthy diet
We are, after all, what we eat. Aim for a mix of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and seafood. Also include unsaturated fats such as olive oil, low-fat or nonfat dairy products, and limit other fats and sugars.
Be physically active
Physical activity has many health benefits. Aim for at least 2 ½ hours of moderate-intensity physical activity each week. It will help prevent obesity, heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure.
Stay mentally active
The saying “Use it or lose it” has never been more literal. To keep your brain in shape, you need to exercise it. A few things you can do to give your brain a workout are reading, playing board games, learning a new skill, socializing, and working or volunteering.
Stay connected with friends and family
Social isolation and loneliness are linked to higher risks for cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. For your brain and heart, connect with people and engage in social activities regularly.
Attend to hearing problems
How can hearing problems affect your risk for dementia? Hearing loss can impact cognition and make it more challenging to interact with others. Prevent hearing loss by protecting your ears from loud sounds and wear your hearing aid if you need one.
Get a good night’s sleep
Seven to eight hours of sleep each night are essential for both mind and body. If you are not getting enough sleep or sleeping poorly, talk with your doctor.
Prevent head injuries
There are many easy ways to prevent falls and head injuries. Fall-proofing your home is simple if you know what to do. Removing clutter and installing handrails are just some of the ways. If you want to learn more, you can do a Falls Free CheckUp online or participate in a fall prevention program in your area.
Consume less alcohol
Drinking too much alcohol can lead to a fall. It can also worsen health conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, memory loss, and mood disorders. No more than two drinks per day for men and one for women is what the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) recommends.
When should you see a doctor?
Memory lapses are a natural part of aging. They can also occur due to other factors, such as fatigue, multitasking, nutritional deficiency, and a simple lack of concentration. Forgetfulness and memory problems do not automatically indicate dementia.
If you or someone you love is experiencing dementia symptoms that are not improving or getting worse, see your doctor. They will likely refer you to a neurologist who can thoroughly examine your mental and physical health. It will allow them to determine if the symptoms are related to dementia or another issue.
A lifestyle to reduce your risk
A supportive social network and staying mentally and physically active are all central to reducing our risk of early-onset dementia. Eating healthy is also at the top of the list. If you or a loved one lives alone, chances are some vital health-protecting essentials are missing.
Communities like The Cabana at Jensen Dunes in Jensen Beach, FL, can help fill in the gaps that have been created over time. Community living allows seniors to make the most of every day with a focus on health and wellness, lifelong learning, staying active, and enjoying the company of like-minded neighbors. All of this comes with peace of mind for a secure future. For information about our assisted living or memory care services, please call us at 772-758-1003.
If you are concerned that you or a loved one may have early-onset dementia, you should make an appointment with your primary care doctor. They will help you find a specialist who can offer a proper diagnosis and suggest treatment. In addition, please also feel free to consider The Cabana as a trusted resource. We will do whatever we can to share information that can set you on the right path for support and care options.